Singular and Plural Nouns in English

Rule 1:-Most nouns are made plural by adding -s to the end of the singular form.
 
For Examples:
car – cars
bag – bags
table – tables
house – houses
dog – dogs
 
Rule 2:-Singular nouns that end in ‘s’, ‘x’, ‘z’, ‘ch’,
‘sh’,or ‘ss’, form the plural by adding –es.
 
For Examples:
bus – buses
bench – benches
box – boxes
dish – dishes
truss – trusses
marsh – marshes
lunch – lunches
tax – taxes
blitz – blitzes
watch – watches
 
Rule 3:-The plural form of some nouns that end in
‘f’ or ‘fe’ is made by changing the ending to -ves.
 
For Examples:
half – halves
hoof – hooves
calf – calves
elf – elves
shelf – shelves
leaf – leaves
loaf – loaves
thief – thieves
 
Excepting:
cuff – cuffs
knockoff – knockoffs
chef – chefs
belief – beliefs
roof – roofs

chief – chiefs
 
Rule 4:-Nouns ending in -o:
 
Nouns that end in ‘o’ preceded by a vowel are
made plural by adding -s.
 
For Examples:
radio – radios
stereo – stereos
video  – videos
Nouns that end in “o” preceded by a
consonant are made plural by adding -es.
 
For Examples:
potato – potatoes
tomato – tomatoes
hero – heroes
echo – echoes
veto – vetoes
domino – dominoes
 
Excepting:
piano – pianos
photo – photos
halo – halos
soprano – sopranos
 
Rule 5
Nouns ending in ‘y‘:
When the ‘y’ follows a consonant, changing ‘y’ to ‘i’ and adding –es:
 
For Examples:
city – cities
candy – candies
country – countries
family – families
cherry – cherries
lady – ladies
puppy – puppies
party – parties
 
When the ‘y’ follows a vowel, the plural is formed by retaining the ‘y’ and adding –s:
 
For Examples:
 
day – days
holiday – holidays
ray – rays
boy – boys
toy – toys
key – keys
donkey – donkeys
 
Rule 6
Changing the spelling of singular noun:
 
For Examples:
person – people
ox – oxen
man – men
woman – women
caveman – cavemen
policeman – policemen
child – children
tooth – teeth
foot – feet
goose – geese
mouse – mice
mouse – lice
 
Rule 7
Some nouns use the same singular and plural form:
 
For Examples:
 
aircraft – aircraft
barracks – barracks
deer – deer
gallows – gallows
moose – moose
salmon – salmon
hovercraft – hovercraft
spacecraft – spacecraft
series – series
 
Rule 8
Some nouns are of Latin/Greek/French Origin:
 
For Examples:
 
Nouns of Latin Origin:
 
alumnus – alumni/alumnuses
apex – apices/apeces
appendix – appendices/ appendixes
Nouns of French Origin:
 
For Examples:
 
chateau – chateaux/chateaus
bureau – bureaux/ bureaus
tableau – tableaux/tableaus
 
Nouns of Greek Origin:
 

For Examples:
diagnosis – diagnoses
ellipsis – ellipses
hypothesis – hypotheses
oasis – oases
 
Rule 9
लेकिन ऐसे Compound Noun जो Man तथा Woman से बने हों तो दोनों Parts को Plural बनाया जाता है
जैसे – (Man-teacher – Men teachers), (Woman-servant – Women-servants)
Rule 10
कुछ noun हमेशा plural होते है और प्लुरल दिखते है । इनको आखिर में लगे 's' को हटा कर सिंगुलर नही बनाया जा सकता है ।
 
Examples : Assets, congratulations,
particulars, proceedings, regards,
thanks, wages, vegetables, scissors,
goggles, spectacles, belongings, trousers,
pants, ashes, arrears, troops, archives,
seals, savings, tactics.
 
Rule 11:कुछ Noun प्लुरल दिखते है परन्तु वास्तव में वे सिंगुलर होते है ।
Examples : News, mathematics, economics, physics, politics, innings, mechanics, ethics.
 
 
Rule12:कुछ Noun हमेशा सिंगुलर फोर्म में प्रयुक्त होते है ।
Examples : Poetry, furniture, information, hair, bread, luggage, knowledge, jewellery, crockery, scenery. These nouns cannot be made plural by adding 's'. For making plural, few words are added.
 
Rule 13:कुछ Noun सिंगुलर दिखते है परन्तु वास्तव में वे प्लुरल होते है ।
Examples : Cattle, gentry, infantry, people, poultry
 
Rule 14:कुछ Noun सिंगुलर और प्लुरल प्रयोग में समान रहते है ।
Examples : fish, jury, team, aircraft, counsel.
 
Rule 15:कुछ Noun अर्थ में प्लुरल होते है परन्तु उनके प्लुरल नही बनाया जा सकता यदि निश्चित संख्या adjective उसके पहले आए । अगर ऐसे noun अनिश्चित countable (गणन-योग्य) के साथ प्रयुक्त हो तो उनका प्लुरल प्रयोग होता है ।
Examples : Pair, dozen, hundred, thousand, million, billion.
 
Rule 16:'Noun + Prepositipm + वही noun' सिंगुलर रहते है ।

Examples : Door to door, Speech after speech, Award after award, Row after row