Imperative Sentences

 जब किसी वाक्य में आज्ञा (order), परामर्श(advice) या प्रार्थना (request) प्रकट की गयी हो तो उसे Imperative Sentence कहते हैं । इसमें करता you छिपा रहता है तथा वाक्य finite verb से प्रारम्भ होता है ।

Imperative Sentences - Direct and Indirect Speech

 

Rule 1: Reporting Verb 'said' को भाव के अनुसार इस प्रकार बदलते है :

a) order - ordered, commanded

b) advice - advised, urged

c) request - requested, begged, implored, entreated

 

Rule 2: Reported Speech के verb के पहले 'to' जोड़कर infinitive बना देते हैं । Example :

Direct : The Teacher said to me, "Sit in your class and learn your lesson."

Indirect : The teacher ordered me to sit in my class and learn my lesson.

Rule 3: Reported Speech के Vocative Case के noun को Reporting Verb का कर्म (Object) बना देते हैं । Example :

Direct : He said, "Work hard, friends."

Indirect : He advised his friends to work hard.

 

Rule 4: जब Reported Speech 'Do not' से प्रारम्भ हो, तो इसके परिवर्तन की दो विधिया है, जैसे :

a) Reporting Verb को forbade में बदल दिया जाता है तथा Reported Speech में आये हुए 'do not' को समाप्त करके क्रिया से पहले to लगा देते है । जैसे :

Direct : The teacher said to the boy, "Do not abuse anyone."

Indirect : The teacher forbade the boy to abuse anyone.

b) Reporting Verb 'said' को भाव  अनुसार ordered, advised या requested में बदला जाता है परन्तु इसमें Reported Speech में से केवल 'do' हटता है और 'not' के बाद 'to' infinitive का प्रयोग किया जाता है ।  जैसे :

Direct : Your father said to the boy, "Do not waste your time."

Indirect : Your father advised the boy not to waste his time.

 

Rule 5: Reported Speech जब never से प्रारम्भ हो तो Reporting verb को advised में बदल देते हैं और never तथा क्रिया के बीच to का प्रयोग करते हैं । जैसे -

Direct : Your father said to the boy, "Never waste your time."

Indirect : Your father advised the boy never to waste his time.

 

Rule 6: जब Reported Speech में 'Sir', 'Please', 'Kindly' आदि शब्दों का प्रयोग होता है तो Reported Verb को requested से बदल देते हैं । जैसे -

Direct : She said to Reena, "Kindly help me."

Indirect : She requested Reena to help her.

 

Rule 7: यदि Reported Speech में If से प्रारम्भ होने वाले clause में सलाह का भाव  है तो Indirect Speech में should का प्रयोग करना चाहिए । जैसे -

Direct : The father said, "If you suffer from cold and cough, consult a doctor surely."

Indirect : The father said if I suffered from cold and cough, I should consult a doctor surely.

 

Some more examples :

Direct : She said, "Could I use your pen?"

Indirect : She requested me to use my pen.

 

Direct : She said, "Would you like to have lunch with me?"

Indirect : She invited me to have lunch with her.

 

Direct : "Would you please give me your bag?" she said to me.

Indirect : She requested me to give her my bag.

 

 

Imperative sentences में आये Let को बदलने के नियम

A) For Proposal (प्रस्ताव)

i) Reporting verb को proposed या suggested में बदल देते हैं ।

ii) Inverted commas को हटाकर that लगाते हैं ।

iii) Objective case (us) को Nominative case (we or they) में reporting verb के subject के person के अनुसार बदलते  हैं ।

iv) Let को should में बदलते हैं और इसे we or they के बाद लिखते हैं।

a) Direct : Sam said, "Let us go for a party."

Indirect : Sam proposed that they should go for a party.

 

b) Direct : I said to Reena, "Let us play a game."

Indirect : I suggested to Reena that we should play a game.

 

c) Direct : "Let's go to the market," said Asha, "Let's not," said Neha.

Indirect : Asha suggested to Neha that we should go to the market but Neha objected.

or

Asha suggested to Neha that we should go to the market but Neha was against it.

 

Note : For reporting Let's not of an affirmative suggestion, we use objected or was against it. (See example c)

 

B) For Request (प्रार्थना)

i) Reporting verb को requested में बदल देते हैं ।

ii) Let को to let में बदलते हैं या फिर let के स्थान पर that लगाकर noun या pronoun के साथ might be allowed to लिखकर क्रिया की first form लगाते हैं ।

Note : If request or advice is started with 'Let there be' then we have to report it with 'that there should be'.

 

a) Direct : He said, "Let me go home."

Indirect : He requested to let him go home.

or

He requested that he might be allowed to go home.

 

b) Direct : I said to Kanika, "Let there be no talk about you."

Indirect : I advised to Kanika that there should be no talk about you.

 

C) For Command (आदेश)

i) Reporting verb को ordered में बदल देते हैं ।

ii) Let के स्थान पर that लगाकर noun या pronoun के बाद should का प्रयोग करते हैं ।

Direct : The policeman said, "Let the man go."

Indirect : The policeman ordered that the man should go.