Use of Modal

 Can का प्रयोग

1. वर्तमान योग्यता या क्षमता के लिए [ Be Able To , Know How To ]

➣ I Can Solve Any Question Of This Exercise .

➣ She Can Lift 100 Kg . Weight At A Time .

➣ He Can Repair This Watch .

 

2. वर्तमान आज्ञा कम औपचारिक या अनौपचारिक [ Be Allowed To , Be Permitted To ] : :

➣ Can I Use Your Pen , Dear Friend ?

➣ Can You Guide Me , Brother ?

 

3. वर्तमान व्यावहारिक या सामान्य संभावना के लिए

➣ Anybody Can Make Mistake .

➣ We Can Learn By Mistakes .

➣ Can It Be A Murder ?

 

4. घबराहट या बेचैनी को प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य द्वारा प्रकट करना

➣ What Can He Mean ? ( Puzzlement )

➣ Where Can I Study ? ( Impatience )

 

5. संभावना वाले Conditional वाक्यों में

➣ If You Request , He Can Help You .

➣ If She Tries , She Can Achieve It .

 

6. भूतकाल के कार्यों के अनुमान हेतु Can + Perfect Infinitive ( Have + V-III )

 

➣ He Went Early So He Can Have Caught The Bus .

Can't : Can के प्रयोगों का नकारात्मक रूप

➣ I Can't Do It . ( Inability )

➣ I Can't Lift It . ( Incapacity )

➣ You Can't Use It. ( Not Allowed ) Or ( Prohibition )

➣ Can't We Make Mistake ? ' ( Possibility )

➣ She Can't Be My Sister . ( Negative Deduction / Assumption )

➣ He Went Late So He Can't Have Caught The Bus . ( Negative Past Deduction / Assumption )

 

Could का प्रयोग

1 . भूतकाल की योग्यता या क्षमता [ Be Able To , Knew How To ]

 

➣ I Could Leam Fast When I Was Young .

➣ She Could Swim When She Was At School .

➣ He Could Type Fast When He Was In The Job .

 

2 . वर्तमान या भविष्य की आज्ञा

 

➣ Could I Use It Now ?

➣ Could I Use It Tomorrow ?

➣ Could I Smoke In Here ?

 

3 . वर्तमान संभावना ( व्यावहारिक या वास्तविक )

 

➣ The Road Could Be Blocked .

➣ We Could Attend The Meeting .

 

4. आकस्मिक संभावना या योग्यता - अवास्तविक स्थिति में

➣ If I Had More Money , I Could Buy A Bunglow ➣ If She Won A Lottery , She Could Live Leisurely .

 

5 . विनम्र प्रार्थना

➣ Could You Help Me , Please ?

 

6 . घबराहट या बेचैनी — वर्तमान में

➣ What Could I Do About It ? ( Puzzlement )

➣ What Could This Result In ? ( Impatience )

 

7 . सामान्य आज्ञा भूतकाल की

➣ They Could Play More On Sundays Those Days .

 

8 . संभावना — यदा - कदा

➣ He Could Be Very Rough .

➣ The Sea Could Be Stormy In Summer .

 

9 . भूतकाल का अपूर्ण कार्य Could + Perfect Infinitive Expresses

➣ He Could Have Helped Her . ( But He Didn't Help Her )

 

Couldn't : Could के प्रयोगों का नकारात्मक रूप

➣ I Couldn't Learn Fast When I Was Young . ( Inability )

➣ He Couldn't Type Fast When He Was In Job . ( Incapacity )

➣ We Couldn't Attend The Meeting . ( No Possibility )

➣ They Couldn't Play More Even On Sundays Those Days . ( No Permission )

 

May का प्रयोग

1 . औपचारिक आज्ञा

➣ May I Come In , Sir ?

➣ You May Come In .

 

2 . संभावना ( अधिकांशत : तथ्याधारित )

➣ The Clouds Are Dark So It May Rain .

➣ She May Obtain Good Marks As She Is Working Hard .

 

3 . इच्छा / आशीर्वाद

➣ May You Live Long !

➣ May God Bless You !

 

4 . भूतकाल के अनुमान May + Perfect Infinitive

➣ She Went Late So She May Have Missed The Train .

 

5 . संभावना वाले Conditional वाक्यों में

➣ If You Try , You May Reach The Goal .

 

6 . अप्रभावी परामर्श

➣ You May Go As Well , If You Like .

 

Mayn't : May के प्रयोगों का नकारात्मक रूप

➣ It May Not Rain Tonight . ( No Possibility )

➣ You May Not Come In . ( No Permission )

➣ She Went Early So She May Not Have Missed The Train . ( Negative Past Deduction ) .

 

Might का प्रयोग

1 . क्षीण संभावना

➣ The Last Bus Has Gone So He Might Come Now .

➣ There Are Very Few Clouds So It Might Rain .

 

2 . व्यावहारिक या वास्तविक संभावना

➣ What You Say Might Be True .

➣ The Road Might Be Blocked For The VIP .

 

3 . आज्ञा के लिए

➣ Might I Smoke In Here ?

➣ Might I Ask A Question ?

 

4 . भूतकाल के अनुमान के लिए Might + Perfect Infinitive

➣ She Might Have Missed The Train Though She Went Early . ( She Did Not Miss The Train But There Was Possibility )

 

5 . आकस्मिक प्रार्थना (Casual Request)

➣ You Might Post These For Me .

 

6 . निन्दात्मक प्रार्थना (Reproachable Request)

➣ You Might Help Me . ( You Should Have Helped Me But You Didn ' T Help . )

 

7 . झुंझलाहट के लिए

➣ He Might Pay Us . ( He Should Have Paid But He Didn ' T Pay . )

 

8 . अप्रभावी परामर्श (Unemphatic Advice)

➣ You Have Got Failed Many Times Even If You Like You May Try Once More .

 

Mightn't : Might के प्रयोगों का नकारात्मक रूप

➣ The Road Might Not Be Blocked . ( No Possibility )

➣ She Might Not Have Missed The Train . ( Negative Past Deduction )

 

Shall का प्रयोग

1 . वादा , कामना , दृढ निश्चय , इरादा , हठ आदि के लिए

 

➣ You Shall Bring A Watch For Me . ( Promise )

➣ He Shall Buy A Car . ( Willingness )

➣ She Shall Doit . ( Determination )

➣ They Shall Sell This House . ( Intention )

➣ He Shall Switch On The Radio At Full Volume When Everyone Else Wants To Sleep . ( Obstinate Insistence )

 

2 . कानूनी , अर्द्ध - कानूनी या वाणिज्यिक क्षेत्रों में

➣ Every Citizen Shall Have Right To Live . ( Legal )

➣ The Govt . Executive Directed That The Company Shall Pay The Loss . ( Quasi - Legal )

➣ Every Customer Shall Buy The Products At His / Her On Risk . ( Commercial )

 

3 . परामर्श या प्रार्थना

➣ Shall We Sit Here For Some Time ?

 

4 . इच्छा जानने के लिए

➣ Shall I Bring The Files At Your House ?

Shan't : Shall के प्रयोगों का नकारात्मक रूप

➣ Promise , You Shall Not Help Him .

➣ They Shall Not Sell This House . ( No Intention )

➣ He Shall Not Buy A Car . ( No Willingness )

 

Will का प्रयोग

1 . वादा , इच्छा , इरादा , दृढ़ निश्चय , हठ आदि के लिए

 

➣ I Will Help You . ( Promise )

➣ I Will Buy A Car . ( Willingness )

➣ We Will Build A House . ( Intention )

➣ We Will Work Hard . ( Determination )

➣ Whatever You Say , I Will Do It . ( Obstinate Insistence )

 

2 . भविष्यवाणी के लिए

➣ India Will Be A World Super Power By 2025 .

 

3 . आमंत्रण या विनम्र निवेदन

➣ Will You Take A Cup Of Tea , Please ?

➣ Will You Help Me , Please ?

 

4 . सहमति के लिए Conditional Clause में

➣ If You Will Forgive Me , I Promise To Be Good ➣ We Shall Be Very Happy , If You Will Come To Tea .

 

5 . नियोजन व व्यवस्थाओं के लिए

➣ The Stores Will Stay Open Till 10 Pm .

 

6 . विनम्र निर्देश या आदेश

➣ You Will Reach Office Tomorrow Sharp At 10 A.M.

 

7 . भावी अनुमान

➣ They Will Have Much Amusement Tomorrow In The Party .

 

8 . भूतकाल का अनुमान

➣ She Will Have Heard The News .

 

Won't : Will के प्रयोगों का नकारात्मक रूप

➣ Won't You Have A Cup Of Tea ? ( Invitation )

➣ She Won't Have Heard The News . ( Negative Deduction )

 

Should का प्रयोग

1 . बाध्यता व तर्कसंगत आवश्यकता

 

➣ She Should Do As They Say .

➣ She Should Be Home By Now .

 

2 . परामर्श

➣ You Should Work Hard .

➣ The Rich Should Help The Poor .

 

3 . बहुत कम संभावित Condition बताने हेतु

➣ Should It Rain Today , The Evening Will Be Pleasant .

➣ Should You Win A Lottery , Would You Help Me ?

 

4 . इच्छा प्रकट करने हेतु

➣ I Did Not Wish That You Should Leave Me Alone .

➣ I Did Not Like That My Son Should Join The Army .

 

5 . आशा प्रकट करने हेतु

➣ They Should Be Here Any Moment Now .

 

6 . उद्देश्य प्रकट करने हेतु

➣ Be Careful Lest You Should Catch Infection .

➣ They Killed The Prisoners Lest They Should Escape .

 

7 . Should + Perfect Infinitive To Show Past Deduction

➣ He Should Have Caught The Bus Since He Started Early .

 

Shouldn’t : Should के प्रयोगों का नकारात्मक रूप

➣ You Should Not Help Him .( Negative Advice )

➣ He Shouldn't Have Caught The Bus . ( Negative Deduction )

 

Would का प्रयोग

1. भूतकालिक आदतें

 

➣ We Would Sit On The Hilltop In Childhood .

➣ I Would Love Film Music In Young Age.

 

2 . विनम्र प्रार्थना ( किन्तु Could से कम विनम्र )

 

➣ Would You Please Convey My Message ?

➣ Would You Kindly Close The Door ?

 

3 . कभी - कभी दृढ़ निश्चय प्रकट करने हेतु ( किन्तु Will / Shall से कम दृढ़ निश्चय )

➣ He Would Do It Whether You Like It Or Not .

 

4. इच्छा प्रकटीकरण हेतु

➣ Would That I Were A Bird !

 

5. To Express A ‘Hopeless Wish’ With ‘If Only’

➣ If Only He Would Come !

 

6 . अनिश्चय बताने हेतु

➣ He Would Go If He Were Asked .

➣ She Would Agree If She Were Approached .

 

7 . इच्छा प्रकट करने के लिए

➣ Would You Excuse Me ?

 

8 . दबाव डालने हेतु (Insistence )

➣ It's Your Fault ; You Would Pay The Penalty .

 

9 . संभावना

➣ That Would Be His Mother .

 

10 . इच्छाशक्ति की प्रधानता हेतु

➣ I Think He Would Rather Have Tea .

 

11. कम संभव Conditional Sentences में

➣ If He Did Stop Him , He Would Smoke Too Much .

 

12 .असंभव Conditional वाक्यों में

➣ Had He Worked Hard , He Would Have Passed .

 

Wouldn't : Would के प्रयोगों का नकारात्मक रूप

➣ We Would Not Sit On The Hilltops In Childhood .( No Past Habit )

➣ It's Not Your Fault , You Wouldn't Pay Penalty .( Negative Insistence )

➣ That Wouldn't Be His Mother . ( No Probability )

 

Must का प्रयोग

1 . अनिवार्यता , बाध्यता आदि प्रकट करने हेतु

➣ You Must Have A Licence To Drive A Vehicle

➣ Every Employee Must Follow Rules .

 

2 . तर्काधारित अनिवार्यता या अत्यधिक संभावना

➣ The Lights Are On , Somebody Must Be In The Room .

 

3 . मजबूत परामर्श

➣ You Are Seriously Ill So You Must Go To A Hospital .

➣ She Must Work Hard To Be In The Merit List .

 

4 . भूतकालिक अनुमान Past Deductions With Must + Perfect Infinitive

➣ You Must Have Got A Job By That Time .

➣ She Went Early So She Must Have Caught The Bus .

 

Mustn't Or Musn't

1 . निषेध

➣ You Musn't Park Your Vehicle Here .

➣ We Mustn't Change The Lane .

 

2. Must के प्रयोगों का नकारात्मक रूप

➣ Lights Are Off So She Mustn't Be In The Room . ( Negative Probability )

➣ She Went Late So She Mustn't Have Caught The Bus . ( Negative Past Deduction )

 

Ought To का प्रयोग

1 . नैतिक कर्तव्य

➣ You Ought To Serve Your Parents .

➣ Everyone Ought To Obey The Olders .

 

2 . परामर्श

➣ You Ought To Take Some Exercise .

 

3 . तर्काधारित अनिवार्यता या आशा

➣ They Ought To Be Here By Now .

➣ They Ought To Start At Once .

 

4 . भूतकालिक अनुमान Past Deduction With Ought To + Perfect Infinitive

➣ She Ought To Have Caught The Bus .

 

5 . भूतकालिक अपूर्ण कार्य

➣ She Ought To Have Conveyed It . ( But She Didn't )

 

Oughtn't To : Ought To के प्रयोगों का नकारात्मक रूप

➣ You Oughtn't To Eat Too Many Breads . ( Advice In Negative )

➣ She Oughtn't Have Missed The Train Since She Started Early . ( Negative Deduction )

 

Semi - Modals

Needn't का प्रयोग

1 . बाध्यता का अभाव या अनिवार्यता नहीं

➣ You Needn't Wear A Sweater As The Days Are Warm .

➣ You Needn't Travel By Air .

 

2 . भूतकालिक कार्य जिसमें अनिवार्यता नहीं थी Past Action Neither Necessary Nor Obligatory - With Needn't Perfect Infinitive

➣ You Needn't Have Done It . ( But You Did It )

 

Daren't का प्रयोग

1. साहस का अभाव

 

➣ He Daren't Touch Me .

➣ The USA Daren't Attack China .

 

Used To का प्रयोग

1 . Past Habits : भूतकालिक आदतें

➣ I Used To Exercise Daily In Young Age .

➣ She Used To Swim One Hour Daily In Childhood .

 

2 . आदी होना

➣ We Are Now Used To Work Without Electricity

➣ I Am Now Used To Exercise Daily .

 

Usedn't To : Used To के प्रयोगों का नकारात्मक रूप

➣ I Usedn't To Exercise Daily In Young Age .

➣ She Usedn't To Swim Daily One Hour In Childhood .

 

 

Modals का प्रयोग करते समय कुछ नियमों का ध्यान रखें

1 . Modals का Main Verb के रूप में प्रयोग कभी नहीं किया जा सकता ; जैसे -

 

( A ) I Will You My Notes . (✖)

       I Will Lend You My Notes . (✔)

 

( B ) Work Hard Lest You Should .(✖)

       Work Hard Lest You Should Fail . (✔)

 

2 . Modal का प्रयोग अकेले नहीं होता बल्कि सदैव Main Verb के साथ होता है । ( Modals Do Not Convey A Meaning On Their Own . )

 

3 . Modals कभी भी Subject के Number , Gender या Person के अनुसार नहीं बदलती हैं । ( Modals Do Not Change Form With Persons , Gender And Number . )

 

( A ) I Can Climb Up A Tree .

( B ) He Can Climb Up A Tree .

( C ) They Can Climb Up A Tree .

( D ) She Can Climb Up A Tree .

 

4 . Question Tags में Modals स्वतंत्र रहती हैं ; जैसे -

 

( A ) You Should Never Tell A Lie . Should You ?

( B ) Mary Can't Swim , Can She ?

 

5 . Modals के बाद हमेशा Verb की First Form का प्रयोग होता है । ( A Modal Always Takes The Root Form Of The Verb . )

 

( A ) I Can Drive A Car .

( B ) I Could Help You Last Year .

( C ) May You Live Long !

( D ) He Might Stand First .

 

6 . दो Modal Verbs का एक साथ प्रयोग नहीं होता है ; जैसे

 

➣ He Should Must Go Now .(✖)

यहाँ Should Must का प्रयोग एक साथ गलत है । लेकिन दो Modal Verbs का प्रयोग एक Conjunction से जोड़कर किया जा सकता है ; जैसे -

➣ He Should And Must Go Now . (✔)

 

7 . जब Primary Auxiliary तथा एक Modal Auxiliary का प्रयोग And से जोड़कर किया जाए तथा उनके लिए एक ही Main Verb का प्रयोग हो , तो आवश्यकतानुसार दोनों Auxiliaries के लिए Main Verb के रूप को स्पष्ट कर देना चाहिए ; जैसे -

 

➣ He Has Done And Will Do A Lot Of Work .(✔)

➣ Ram Has And Will Work Hard .(✖)

इस वाक्य में Has के बाद Worked का प्रयोग नहीं किया गया है । अतः इसका शुद्ध रूप इस प्रकार से होगा -

Ram Has Worked And Will Work Hard .

 

8 . जब दो Subjects भिन्न - भिन्न Numbers के हों तथा उनके साथ दो Helping Verbs ‘To Be’ और ‘Have’ आदि का प्रयोग हो , तो दोनों Subjects के लिए Helping Verbs का प्रयोग किया जाता है ; जैसे -

 

➣ Three Were Killed And One Was Injured .(✔)

➣ Two Were Intelligent But One Dull .(✖)

इस वाक्य में One के बाद Was का प्रयोग नहीं किया गया है । अत : इसका शुद्ध रूप इस प्रकार से होगा -

➣ Two Were Intelligent But One Was Dull .