Profit and loss Formulas

 Profit and loss problems involve various terms like Cost price, Selling price, Marked price and Discount etc. Basically, it is a difference between selling price and cost price.

Cost price is the price paid to purchase an article or a product or we can say it is a cost incurred in manufacturing an article. 

Selling price is the price at which a product is sold.

6 Commonly used Profit and loss Formulas :

1) Calculation of Profit:

Profit or gain = Selling price(S.P) - Cost price(C.P)
in other ,
⇒ Selling Price = Cost Price + Profit

2) Calculation of Loss

Loss = Cost price - Selling price

3) Calculation of Gain percentage(%)

4) Calculation of Loss percentage(%)

5) Finding relationship between selling price and cost price:

For Example: If an article is sold at a gain of 27%, then by using the first formula, you can find that S.P. is 127% of C.P.
Similarly, If an article is sold at loss of 18%, then by using the second formula, you can find that S.P. is 82% of C.P.

6) Finding Combined Profit/Loss on sale of Two products 

If a person sells two commodities at same prices. On one he gains x% and loses x% on another, then as a whole he will be in loss and the loss percentage will be equal to:


Note: Here is an example to find gain in case of dishonesty.
Problem 1: A dishonest dealer professes to sell his goods at cost price but he uses a weigh 960 grammes for 1 kg. How to calculate the gain percentage?
Solution: